CRediT: Contributor Roles Taxonomy

The 14 CRediT roles are: (1) Conceptualization — formulating the research idea; (2) Methodology — developing the research design; (3) Software — programming, code development; (4) Validation — verifying results and reproducibility; (5) Formal Analysis — statistical analysis and data processing; (6) Investigation — conducting experiments or data collection; (7) Resources — providing materials, equipment, or access; (8) Data Curation — managing and annotating data; (9) Writing – Original Draft — the initial manuscript text; (10) Writing – Review & Editing — critical revision; (11) Visualization — figures, tables, graphics; (12) Supervision — mentoring and oversight; (13) Project Administration — coordinating the research activity; (14) Funding Acquisition — securing financial support. Each contributor can have multiple roles, and each role can be assigned to multiple people. CRediT does not replace ICMJE criteria (which determine who is an author) but complements them by specifying exactly what each author did. This is especially valuable in large collaborations with dozens or hundreds of contributors — a common scenario in genomics, clinical trials, and multi-site studies. Many journals now require CRediT statements at submission.